How do Schwann cells contribute to the function of neurons in the peripheral nervous system?

Schwann cells contribute to the function of neurons in the peripheral nervous system by forming the myelin sheath around axons, which acts as an electrical insulator. This insulation accelerates the transmission of electrochemical impulses along the axon. Additionally, Schwann cells create the neurilemma, which protects peripheral neurons and facilitates the regeneration of injured axons.

In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells wrap tightly around axons to form the myelin sheath, which serves as an electrical insulator. This myelin sheath not only speeds up the transmission of impulses but also protects the axons. The outer layer formed by Schwann cells is called the neurilemma, which remains intact after nerve injury and provides a pathway for potential regeneration of the axon, enhancing the recovery process after damage.