What are the main divisions of the central nervous system and their functions as described in the chapter?

The central nervous system (CNS) is divided into the brain and spinal cord. The brain consists of the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brainstem, each responsible for various functions such as intellect, coordination, sensory relay, and vital functions like heartbeat and respiration.

The CNS comprises the brain and spinal cord. The brain is further divided into four main parts: the cerebrum, which is the center of intellect and consciousness; the cerebellum, responsible for movement coordination and balance; the diencephalon, which includes the thalamus (a relay center) and hypothalamus (regulating body temperature and appetite); and the brainstem, which controls vital functions like heartbeat and respiration through its components: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.