What are the different methods of administering insulin for diabetes patients mentioned in the chapter?

The methods of administering insulin for diabetes patients include injections using a needle and syringe, insulin pens, traditional insulin pumps, and patch pumps. Insulin cannot be taken orally because it is broken down by stomach enzymes, but researchers are exploring oral delivery methods and inhalers.

Patients with type 1 diabetes require insulin to survive, and some patients with type 2 diabetes also need insulin. Insulin is typically injected, and this can be done using several methods: a needle and syringe with a vial of insulin, an insulin pen that resembles a pen, a traditional insulin pump that dispenses insulin through a tube connected to a catheter under the skin, and a patch pump that adheres directly to the skin and delivers insulin via a cannula. Future research is focused on developing oral insulin delivery methods and testing insulin sprays and inhalers.